For vessels which need to be heated or cooled, there are several types of heat transfer surfaces which can be applied to sidewall or bottom

A mechanical dimple jacket is a sheet of metal which has a uniform array of depressions or dimples pressed

For vessels with heat transfer jackets, especially for steam service, it is recommended to insulate and clad or sheath the insulation

Vessels designed for sanitary service are almost always cleaned in place and/or sterilized in place by a combination of heat, and the circulation of chemicals over all of the surfaces to be cleaned. Crevices, pockets, threads, and non-draining surfaces must be avoided. There are numerous types of sprayballs and spray heads designed for the cleaning of

Passivation is a process whereby the free iron is removed and a beneficial oxidation layer or film is formed on the surface of the metal. Passivation is a combination of both